Colorado Space Roundup: Challenges and breakthroughs shaping humanity’s journey to the Moon and beyond

Moderator and Panelists:²

Chris Pearson, CEO, Agile Space Industries

Chris Pearson is CEO of Agile Space Industries, his 4th Colorado high growth space business after ABSL (acquired by Enersys), Surrey Satellite US (acquired by General Atomics) and Roccor (acquired by Redwre). Chris is originally from the UK but moved here 20 years ago to raise his family and has worked at the mission, spacecraft and component level for small and large business and civil, commercial and national security programs. He hold a Mathematics degree, technical Masters degrees from Cranfield University and Imperial College but most proud of his MBA from CU.

Rob Chambers, Director of Strategy, Lockheed Martin Space

Rob Chambers is the Director of Strategy for Lockheed Martin’s Human and Scientific Space Exploration area. In this role, he is focused on Lockheed Martin’s blueprint for extending humanity’s knowledge of our planet, our solar system, and the universe at large. With the company’s unparalleled heritage in robotic and human spaceflight, weather, climate intelligence, and Earth science, Lockheed Martin is working with our government, commercial, and international customers and partners to answer fundamental questions about where we come from, where we’re going, and whether we’re alone in the universe. Rob has been with Lockheed Martin since 1993 and has worked on a variety of spaceflight programs including Earth remote sensing satellites, the Space Shuttle, Orion, human lunar landers, nuclear power and propulsion, and deep space habitation. Rob has bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University. Throughout his career, Rob has led the development of guidance and controls subsystems, avionics, and flight software.

Landon Luick, Founder, LEAP

Landon Luick is a launch vehicle manufacturing and metal additive manufacturing engineer from Blue Origin and SpaceX. His experience includes building Falcon 9’s 1st and 2nd stages, Dragon capsule, New Shepard, and BE-4. Mr. Luick has experience leading multidisciplinary teams in electrical controls, software, optics, fluids design, mechanical design, and manufacturing engineering bringing products from early concepts to delivering final highly integrated products. In his role as COO, Mr. Luick is responsible for all build and test activities related to LEAP’s launch vehicles and rocket engines.

Matt Shieh, Co-Founder/CEO, Canopy

Before founding Canopy, Matt was a Captain in the U.S. Air Force and spent an 8-year career as a B-52H Weapons Officer. In this role, he flew, managed, and operated weapon systems ranging from conventional munitions to nuclear armed cruise missiles. As a supervisor and operator of Air Force weapon systems, Matt developed expertise on the technical capabilities and limitations of all weapons in the Air Force’s inventory and adjacent military branches. During this time, he also served as a mission commander on dozens of missions during combat deployments overseas. Matt then took his expertise to Europe as an Air Liaison Officer, advising NATO partners and U.S. military forces on how to utilize U.S. Air Force capabilities. He developed strategy and planned operations at the highest levels, while managing and integrating the Air Force’s tactical air controllers, known as Joint Terminal Attack Controllers (JTACs). While his background is rooted in operational experience, much of his career was spent achieving objectives through collaboration and coordination with experienced technical team members. Matt is a native of Kentucky, attended the University of Kentucky, holds an MBA from the University of Chicago, and is married with a son. He now leads Canopy, an advanced manufacturing company solving critical manufacturing challenges for the industrial base.

Sam Smith, Co-Founder, Origami Space

Sam Smith is an entrepreneur, engineer, and innovator passionate about advancing space technology. As a co-founder of Origami Space, Sam leads efforts to develop deployable systems for satellites, combining cutting-edge engineering with practical applications for national security and commercial markets. With a background in mechanical engineering, Sam has a track record of creating solutions that bridge technical challenges and real-world needs. Sam is also committed to education and evangelizing entrepreneurship, actively bullying his friends to start their own businesses and supporting initiatives that inspire innovation and empower future leaders.

Key Takeaways³

1. Milestones: Establishing a sustainable presence on the Moon begins with NASA’s Artemis program, including Orion and private lander systems.
2. Reusable Systems: Emphasis on reusable launch vehicles and orbital logistics hubs to reduce costs and enable scalability.
3. In-Space Manufacturing: Additive manufacturing and resource utilization in space are critical to building infrastructure.
4. Economic Viability: Private sector engagement is necessary to commercialize space exploration and identify profitable ventures.
5. Radiation Shielding: Advanced materials and shielding are essential for protecting humans and equipment.
6. Lunar Resources: Using lunar water for fuel and other resources could drive the next phase of exploration.
7. Human Adaptability: Humans play a vital role in decision-making and handling unforeseen challenges during exploration.
8. Psychological Challenges: Long-term missions pose unique psychological challenges, including isolation and the “overview effect.”
9. Talent Development: The space industry needs bold thinkers and fresh perspectives to push boundaries.
10. Global Collaboration: Achieving these goals requires coordination among governments, private companies, and international partners.

Summarized Panel Transcript:⁴

Panel Introduction

Our next panel topic is expansive, so much so that we decided to split it into two parts—one before lunch and one immediately afterward. This year, the panel focuses on humanity’s journey to the Moon and beyond. It explores the challenges and breakthroughs shaping our interplanetary future, featuring visionary leaders in aeronautics, space navigation, and interplanetary missions. Together, they highlight cutting-edge technologies and collaborative efforts paving the way for a sustainable future in space.

Discussion Highlights

The panel kicked off with a key question: What are the milestones necessary to establish a sustainable human presence on the Moon and beyond?

Rob Chambers emphasized that the journey begins with flying humans aboard the Orion spacecraft. NASA has outlined clear objectives, starting with returning humans to the lunar surface using systems like Orion and landers from Blue Origin and SpaceX. However, Rob pointed out that rockets and launch systems are just tools—they are only enablers for accomplishing broader objectives. True sustainability will depend on building infrastructure, developing advanced materials, and creating supply chain solutions.

Landon Luick discussed the importance of reusable launch systems and highlighted the need for an evolved architecture for space logistics. “We need to stop building bigger rockets for direct flights and instead focus on creating orbital hubs and distributed systems,” Landon stated. He likened it to developing an efficient airline network rather than relying solely on direct routes. This approach, he argued, will allow the Moon to serve as a gateway for deeper space exploration.

Matt McCann expanded on the significance of solving manufacturing challenges in space. He highlighted Canopy Aerospace’s role in developing new materials and processes for sustainable manufacturing. “To build a space economy, we must innovate at every level—from materials to systems to the entire supply chain,” Matt explained.

Sam Smith spoke about the need for commercialization in space exploration. While much of the funding currently comes from governments, long-term sustainability will require viable commercial markets. He pointed out that human ingenuity has always found ways to turn exploration into profitable ventures, and the Moon will be no exception.

---

Technological Challenges and Solutions

The discussion transitioned to the practical challenges of space exploration. Rob Chambers mentioned that shielding spacecraft from radiation and micrometeoroids remains a major hurdle. He noted that materials science and construction technologies must evolve to provide the necessary protection without compromising weight and cost.

Landon highlighted the need for scalable manufacturing and infrastructure. “Instead of sending everything from Earth, we must develop the capability to use resources available on the Moon and in space,” he said. This includes using lunar regolith for construction and creating fuel depots in orbit. He also pointed out the inefficiency of the current system: “Right now, launching from Earth is like trying to deliver a single refrigerator using a semi-truck. We need tailored solutions for each stage of space logistics.”

Matt McCann elaborated on additive manufacturing as a game-changer for space exploration. “With 3D printing, we can produce complex components in space using locally sourced materials,” he said. This technology could significantly reduce the cost and logistical challenges of space missions while enabling on-demand production of critical parts.

Sam Smith emphasized the importance of a clear vision to avoid “random acts of development.” He shared insights from his work on C2 Aerospace’s strategies, which focus on integrated solutions for national security and commercial markets. “We need coordinated efforts to ensure resources are allocated to projects with the highest potential impact,” he argued.

---

Commercial Opportunities

The panel discussed the economic aspects of space exploration. Landon stated that while much of the focus has been on government-funded projects, commercial opportunities are beginning to emerge. “We’re at the cusp of a new era where private companies can play a significant role in the space economy,” he noted. Potential markets include satellite deployment, in-space manufacturing, and resource extraction.

Matt McCann provided an example of how the Moon could serve as a hub for deeper exploration. “If we can crack water on the Moon into hydrogen and oxygen, it could revolutionize fuel production for spacecraft,” he said. This concept, known as the “water-based economy,” could make interplanetary travel more feasible.

Rob Chambers cautioned against over-reliance on any single solution. “Sustainability will require a multi-faceted approach, from mining lunar resources to developing modular systems that can adapt to various missions,” he explained. He also stressed the importance of learning from past projects and applying those lessons to new initiatives.

---

Human vs. Robotic Exploration

The panel debated the roles of humans and robots in space exploration. Rob Chambers argued that while robots are invaluable for certain tasks, there’s no substitute for human ingenuity in complex or unexpected situations. “Robots are great for routine operations, but humans excel at problem-solving and adapting to the unknown,” he said. He shared an anecdote about a geologist astronaut who identified a crucial rock sample that a robot would have overlooked.

Landon added that as space exploration extends further from Earth, the need for autonomous decision-making increases. “Communication delays make it impractical to rely on Earth-based control for missions beyond Mars,” he said. However, he acknowledged the challenges of keeping humans alive in deep space, from radiation exposure to the psychological effects of isolation.

Sam Smith highlighted the human drive for exploration. “Hundreds of thousands of people would volunteer to go to space, even knowing the risks,” he said. He argued that this spirit of adventure is essential to pushing the boundaries of what’s possible.

---

Sustainability and Long-Term Vision

Rob Chambers addressed the critical need for sustainability in space exploration. “We can’t keep relying on Earth for every resource. Developing the ability to use lunar and in-space materials is paramount,” he stated. He also mentioned the need for standardized infrastructure, such as modular components that could be reused or repurposed across different missions.

Landon spoke about the importance of reducing costs and increasing efficiency in getting to low Earth orbit (LEO). “LEO is the gateway to everywhere else. Once we commoditize access to LEO, the rest of the solar system becomes much more accessible,” he explained. He also suggested that commercial opportunities, such as in-space manufacturing and satellite servicing, would drive investment and innovation.

Matt McCann emphasized that sustainability must include not only physical infrastructure but also economic models. “We need to figure out what products or services can generate revenue in space. Whether it’s mining, manufacturing, or tourism, the private sector will play a key role in making space exploration financially viable,” he argued.

Sam Smith shared his vision for how the Moon could become a stepping stone for deeper space exploration. “I see the Moon as a port city for the cosmos—a place where humanity can establish a foothold before venturing further,” he said. He highlighted the need for international collaboration and strategic partnerships to achieve this vision.

---

Psychological and Health Challenges

The panel also touched on the psychological and physiological challenges of long-term space travel. Rob Chambers described the “overview effect” experienced by astronauts, a profound shift in perspective when seeing Earth from space. He speculated that the psychological effects might intensify as humans venture further into the solar system. “Imagine being on Mars and seeing Earth as just a faint dot in the sky. That level of disconnection will pose unique challenges,” he said.

Landon raised concerns about the unknown effects of reduced gravity on the human body. “We’ve studied microgravity extensively, but we don’t yet know the long-term impacts of living in environments like the Moon’s 1/6 gravity or Mars’s 1/3 gravity,” he explained. He stressed the importance of conducting further research before committing to permanent settlements.

Matt McCann added that health risks extend beyond gravity. “Radiation, limited medical supplies, and psychological isolation are all major hurdles,” he said. He suggested that advances in medical technology and virtual reality could help mitigate some of these issues.

---

Encouraging New Talent

The panel closed with advice for those looking to enter the space industry. Matt McCann encouraged young professionals to “jump in with both feet.” He said, “The first job you take may not be perfect, but it will teach you invaluable lessons that will shape your career.”

Sam Smith echoed this sentiment, emphasizing the importance of being opportunistic. “Find a problem you’re passionate about solving and go after it. The space industry needs bold thinkers who are willing to take risks,” he said.

Rob Chambers encouraged collaboration and innovation. “We need fresh perspectives to push the boundaries of what’s possible. Don’t be afraid to challenge the status quo,” he advised.

---

Final Thoughts

The panelists agreed that humanity’s journey to the Moon and beyond is not just about technology—it’s about vision, collaboration, and the indomitable human spirit. As Sam Smith put it, “People are the economy. If there are people who want to live and work in space, we will find a way to make it happen.”

The session concluded with a brief Q&A, where the panelists reiterated the importance of urgency, calculated risks, and collective efforts in advancing space exploration. Chris Pearson thanked the panelists and audience for an engaging and thought-provoking discussion, setting the stage for the exciting future of humanity in space.

Follow-Up Questions

1. How can lunar regolith be efficiently processed to produce construction materials or fuel on the Moon?
2. What are the long-term physiological effects of living in reduced gravity environments, and how can they be mitigated?
3. How can AI and autonomous systems optimize the logistics of interplanetary exploration?
4. What innovations are needed to create a fully sustainable water-based economy on the Moon?
5. How should governments and private sectors collaborate to accelerate the commoditization of access to LEO?

Glossary of Terms

1. Artemis Program: NASA’s initiative to return humans to the Moon and establish a sustainable presence.
2. Orion: NASA’s spacecraft designed for deep space exploration.
3. Lunar Regolith: Moon soil used as a resource for construction and manufacturing.
4. Additive Manufacturing (AM): 3D printing techniques used for producing complex parts.
5. Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV): Rockets designed for multiple uses, reducing costs.
6. LEO (Low Earth Orbit): An orbit close to Earth, serving as a gateway for deeper space missions.
7. Delta-V: A measure of the velocity change needed for spacecraft maneuvers.
8. Water-Based Economy: Concept of using lunar water for fuel and other applications.
9. Microgravity: Near-weightless condition experienced in space.
10. Radiation Shielding: Protection against harmful space radiation.
11. Satellite Servicing: Maintenance and repair of satellites in orbit.
12. In-Space Manufacturing: Production of goods in microgravity or space environments.
13. Sustainability: The ability to maintain operations with minimal reliance on Earth resources.
14. Overview Effect: A cognitive shift experienced by astronauts viewing Earth from space.
15. ISRU (In-Situ Resource Utilization): Using local resources, such as lunar regolith, for construction.
16. Propellant Depots: Orbital stations for refueling spacecraft.
17. Distributed Logistics: Systems optimizing space transportation and resource use.
18. Mars Analog: Simulated environments on Earth used for testing Mars-like conditions.
19. Space Tourism: Commercial travel for non-professional astronauts.
20. Interplanetary Exploration: Missions targeting planets beyond Earth.